In 1873, a dilettante historian named William Smith visited Lee Gap horse fair near Drewsbury, yorkshire and cam away convinced that he had seen a magician in action. He wrote in his diary:

"A gypsyman there had what was described as the 'horse sense': this being the ability to control horses from a distance without any word of command, but with a slight gesture of the hand seeming to bid them now come, now stay, now run, canter or gallop as he wished. His companions averred that his gift was not common to all gypsies, and that horseman without gypsy blood also have it, but that it is rare."

Smith noted that the 'gypsyman' seemed able to influence not just his own animals but those of casual visitors to the fair, including carriage horses.

"I was told," he concluded, "that the art lies in a  charm or amulet which possesses some preternatural efficacy over the beasts; and I will not doubt it." *

Throughout the first, and a good deal of the second, millennium, the Horse was regarded by many as a mystical animal.  The names of certain horses, like Alexander’s Bucephalus or Caligula’s Equine Roman senator Incitatus have achieved lasting historical fame, while others, such as El Morzillo - mount to Hernando Cortes during his 1525 campaign to conquer Mexico - came to be regarded as Gods!

It is not difficult to imagine the impact of mounted troops on peoples who had never before seen a horse, let alone a man seated on top!

Clearly, such was the power of the horse that a man able to harness it to his will rose above the level of the ordinary man in pre-industrial times.  And to those who lacked the skills, and were in awe of the ability to control such power, the horseman could all too easily be believed to have mystical knowledge.

For many, 'mystical knowledge' suggested use of the arts of sorcery and witchcraft, and it is not surprising that some particularly skilful trainers were burned as witches.  In fact it was not only the trainer who was at risk.  In the case of a horse called Mauroco who performed in the French town of Arles in the 17th century, the horse was burnt along with the trainer!  How many more might have suffered the same fate is not well recorded, but we can safely say that any man or woman who exhibited unusual ability was liable to be denounced.

As long as it remained possible that a charge of witchcraft might bring about a terminally abrupt end to a horse-trainer's career there was a need for secrecy.  Just to be seen talking to an animal was quite enough to attract a charge of devil-worship! The early Christian church did not take to such ideas at all well - along with the earth revolving around the sun and suchlike!

It is no wonder then that those who were skilful also became somewhat tight-lipped about their work, and often chose to do it in a place that was safe from prying eyes. So, we have mysticism, secrecy and silence - all the required ingredients for the creation of a myth!

Once the practice of burning witches had finished, showman practitioners began to flourish. The aura of mystery remained, but this could now be turned towards attracting a crowd and, along with the crowd - their money!

One such man was Dan Sullivan from Mallow in County Cork , Ireland .  The story goes that Dan would take a previously unmanageable horse and, by whispering a few words into its ear, make it docile and well-behaved.  Apparently Dan had learned this secret from a penniless soldier in a public house, who had been taught it himself by a mystic in India where he had served. The soldier gave Dan the secret for the price of a meal, and the 'Whisperer' was on his way.  But there was obviously more to it than just whispering a few words.  Dan's method involved taking the horse into the secrecy of a barn or shed from which the horse would emerge, completely subdued and in a state of terror.  On what took place in the barn Dan's lips remained sealed.

It makes a good story, but it would have been even better if the horses Dan treated had stayed well-behaved.  Alas no.  They returned to their old ways once away from Dan's influence. Some said that Sullivan's method, whatever it was, was cruel, and that he damaged the reputation of those 'whisperers' who, by some innate gift, were able to quiet the most unruly horse. Whatever the truth was, the term 'horse whisperer' had arrived.

The whisperers were sometimes also said to have the 'horseman's word'.  Secret societies such as the Horseman's Word and the Toadmen sprang up throughout Britain and were in existence for many generations. Initiates would, as is common in Masonic ritual, first be bound to secrecy, be made to undergo an 'ordeal', and then be given the secret of 'the word'. One supposed version of this was 'Both in One'.

There were indeed some strange rituals associated with some of these societies. One such was called the 'Water of the Moon', and was commonly practised in East Anglia and Cambridgeshire regions of England . The ritual required that the horseman kill a frog or toad and hang the body on a thorn tree until only the skeleton remained.  At full moon the man then had to take the skeleton to a running stream and throw it into the water.  One small forked bone would detach itself from rest and float upstream, and it was this bone from which the horseman would then derive devil-given power over horses. Such were the Toadmen; whisperers with a demonic covenant!

An early 20th century photo of a member of the Scottish Brotherhood of the Horseman's Word or Horse Whisperers, taken in West Lothian. The pose of the horses indicates the high degree the horseman had over them.

The Scottish Brotherhood or Society of the Horseman's Word survived into the late 19th century. The sophistication of the north eastern horsemen is immediately apparent in their oath which date from at least 1780. In it, the novice horseman declares:

"I of my own freewill and accord solemnly vow and swear before God that I will heal, conceal and never reveal any part of the true horsemanship I am about to receive at this time. Furthermore I solemnly vow and swear that I will neither write it or indite it, cut it nor carve it on any wood or stone, nor yet on anything movable or immovable under the canopy of heaven, not yet so much as wave a finger in the air to none but a horseman."

The iniate goes on to 'vow and swear' that he will neither 'give it' nor see it 'given' to a 'tradesman of any kind  save to a blacksmith or horse soldier.' The 'true horsemanship' is not to be revealed to anyone 'after sunset Saturday night or before sunrise Monday morning' ... it is not to be given to 'any under the age of 16 years nor above the age of 45 years.'**

Of course many of the old horsemen were extremely good - their whole livelihood and safety depended on their ability to achieve a good working relationship with the equines in their care. And it is also true that there are people who do seem to have a natural flair for working with horses. But this has nothing to do with 'whispering' or pacts with the devil, and an awful lot to do with body language,  personal temperament and, perhaps most important of all, patience, kindness and a real affection for horses. 

For every gifted horseperson there are, and always have been, untold numbers of charlatans whose primary interest is lightening the purses of the unwary and gullible.

Take for example the classic case of 'Professor' Sample and his ''Marvellous Horse Taming Machine".  Sample arrived in London in 1885 bringing with him his machine, with which he declared he could tame three or four wild horses an hour. The machine consisted of a platform onto which a horse would be loaded and secured, and which would then be spun by a steam engine until the horse was made quite dizzy. Unfortunately for the self-styled professor the machine failed to work during several public displays in theatres of the time. Such was the design that the mechanism would only function when sited on a level surface, and theatre stages are commonly angled down toward the audience – otherwise, and heaven forbid, people might be spinning horses to this day!

Even though the flamboyant Sample failed to prove that his 'system' worked, and was finally discovered to have rigged a horse-taming challenge with 'Leon the Celebrated Mexican Horse-Tamer' (an ex pupil of Sample's who was in fact an Australian printer's clerk called Franklin) another of his pupils was to add a significant element to our knowledge of horses. Sydney Osborne, another Australian - better known as 'Professor' Galvayne', was to invent a system of telling a horse's age by its teeth.

Horsemanship in the 1800s was still an unscientific practice, perhaps due, in part, to the mysticism of the past.  The following bizarre suggestion is taken from a collection called The Horsekeeper's Handbook of Tips and Wrinkles and titled "How to Handle a Savage, Vicious Horse"

"Approach the horse firmly, fixing your gaze upon his eye. Have in your hand a six-chambered revolver, loaded with blank cartridges. The moment he attempts to savage you, fire, not point blank at him, but directly in front of his face. This will give the horse a sudden shock and take his attention. If he is in a stall this is your opportunity. Before he has time to recover himself, rush in and seize him by the headstall, and again discharge the revolver close alongside his face, saying: 'What do you mean?' 'How dare you!' (presumably in a stern voice!)

As the heyday of horse power waned with the introduction of modern machinery the whisperers passed into the twilight -a myth, born out of ignorance, and shrouded in secrecy and superstition, whose day had passed. But has it? Just try an internet search for 'horse+whisperer' and you will be amazed at the number of hits.  Whisperers, it seems, now come in both genders and all shapes and sizes, and variously offer 'horse whisperer training techniques', 'secret techniques' and even whisperers with 'clairvoyant understanding'. There are ‘whispering’ challenges and time trials, courses offering to teach the horseman’s word, in fact a whole little industry whose various journeyman gurus circle the globe performing brief but expensive clinics and seminars for the ‘enlightenment’ of the horse owner, so perhaps nothing has really changed!

And – as has, no doubt, always been the case – there are those who quietly go about the business of altering the way in which we view and manage the horse, and exposing the typical master-servant relationship to the light of twenty first century ethics. Finally perhaps the true mystique of the horse is that, through our relationships with them, we are able to rediscover that precious connection between us and the rest of creation – a truly mystical oneness that is not bought and sold, and requires neither show nor whisper! **

* Mysteries of Mind, Space and Time, Vol. 26. pg. 3127

** Mysteries of Mind, Space and Time, Vol. 26. pg. 3128-29

*** A D Beck http://www.equine-behavior.com/Origins_of_horse_whispering1.htm